Industry Information Station

Thanks hnhxjq post
News source: SINA technology
According to United States NASA website reported that Enceladus is a very special satellite, over the past few years in a series of short distance flying over the inspection of, United States NASA’s Cassini confirm the huge water vapor in the South Polar region of the planet, “Fountain”, which may imply that below the surface there is a huge underground oceans. The Jet from the intricacies of the ice shell in and out, all of this suggests that there may be a unique livable in the solar area.

Art map: United States Space Agency Cassini visits Enceladus Saturn probes close fountain system
Enceladus fractured all over in Antarctica, forming a giant fountain system
　　
Beijing time on April 1, according to United States NASA website reported that Enceladus is a very special satellite, over the past few years in a series of short distance flying over the inspection of, United States NASA’s Cassini confirm the huge water vapor in the South Polar region of the planet, “Fountain”, which may imply that below the surface there is a huge underground oceans. The Jet from the intricacies of the ice shell in and out, all of this suggests that there may be a unique livable in the solar area.

United States Chief Scientist of NASA’s Cassini Imaging Science system Carolyn · Boke (Carolyn Porco) says: “in Enceladus ‘ South Polar region has more than 90 different sizes of fountains, constantly Jet out water vapor and ice particles, and other organic compounds. “She says” West detectors have been through this several times to visit a space fountain, we found it was out of the material, in addition there are salt water and organic matter. The concentration of salt and salt concentration in the oceans on Earth. ”

These fissures on Enceladus’s South Pole region for thermal measurements show where the temperature up to-120 degrees Fahrenheit (about 84 degrees). Caroline said, “If you will the heat collected, you can get a 16 billion watts of heat energy resources. “Caroline believed that this small satellite because of the underground Ocean, organic matter and energy sources, it is likely to have, and in similar environments similar to the survival of life on Earth.

She said: “on the hottest looks and this ecological environment on Earth is very similar to some areas of deep underground. In some volcanic rocks rich thermal and liquid water below. Microbes have been found in this breed live in these places, they feed on to hydrogen and carbon dioxide and produce methane gas. The hydrogen gas is formed by the interaction between liquid water and hot rocks, and methane gas that is generated after you be cycles again, rebuilding the hydrogen, Marquis into the ecological cycle in a relatively closed system. This operating system is not the Sun or any other Sun-dependent mechanisms involved. ”

Enceladus is also particularly exceptional, livable environment is relatively easy to reach for it. Caroline says: “eruptions occurred here, so we can sample. Although this sounds crazy, but it may be possible in these microorganisms on the snow. This is what I know the best places for biological research of the universe. We don’t even need to search on the ground. We just flew the Jet plumes and sampling. Or we can have them landing and exploration around the Earth’s surface. ”

Enceladus heat source, generally from Saturn itself. Researchers said that Saturn’s gravity causes the Moon’s shape in minor deflection occurs daily during the revolution. Caused by friction heat generated inside of it, which is sort of like if you keep bending a metal as it will heat unreasonable.

Carolyn said: “However tidal deformation of the way is not sufficient to explain Enceladus revealed all of the heat. One view is that we are observing today to heat is the last store in the Interior of Enceladus heat and now it is gradually released to the outside. “Caroline believed that Enceladus’s orbit in the past used to have a higher degree of eccentricity (that is, flat), the greater the eccentricity, tidal effects of the more obvious, the thermal effects are more significant. If this is the case, before this small satellite may occur due to heat the water inside of the ice melting, and now again by some condensation of releasing some heat.

She said: “as the orbital eccentricity of decline, Enceladus heat accumulated inside the original and modern new heat release. However because of the heat release rate exceeds the rate of heat is generated, the whole Enceladus is in the process of cooling, liquid water is again within the solidifying into ice. But there are models that, Enceladus’s interior never fully frozen, its orbital eccentricity may be increased again, to start a new cycle. ”

But in any case, in the eyes of Caroline, everything is very simple, it is to take action, she said: “we are going back to Enceladus to investigate. ”

Scientists have found about 6 billion years ago, there was a fundamental change in the nature of the universe, all things in the universe is contained internally under the action of gravity is gradually slow the pace of expansion, as the expansion of material distant density decrease, dark energy has taken over leadership of the universe, beginning up to speed up the expansion process today. Now, the baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey (BOSS) scheme as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS III) part of the largest, highest measurement accuracy of about 6 billion years ago that the universe changes map drawn during the period of large scale distribution, of dark energy is “activated” when.

According to part of the United States Department of energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) physical scientist of the group, baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey (BOSS) Chief physicist David Schlegel (David Schlegel) on: we’ve drawn out 500 million to 700 million years after the big bang, the universe accurate large scale chart, this is the material carried out a detailed survey of the universe outside the Milky Way Galaxy. Our aim is to push the arrow of time changes to 6 billion years ago, the universe, and simulation experiments in an attempt to find out by the dark energy is “activated” led to the accelerated expansion of the universe causes.

However, how to measure the speed of the accelerating expansion of the universe? As early as 14 years ago, Berkeley Lab and Gao Hong moved Supernova search team (High-z Supernova) for two of the supernova Cosmology project discovered the phenomenon of accelerated expansion of the universe, 2011 year of the Nobel Prize to the supernova Cosmology project scientist he (Saul Perlmutter) and Gao Hong moved Supernova search team member bulaien·shimite (Brian Schmidt) and Adam (Adam Riess). Gao Hong moved the type 1A Supernova Supernova search principle of redshift values to calculate rate of accelerated expansion of the universe. Scientists believe that dark energy may have behavior that we previously unknown.

Study of dark energy in the accelerating expansion of the universe, first of all to for more expansion of the historical process, explore the process of expansion of the universe and the search for supernovae and calculates different redshift values, baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey using a known as the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) techniques to determine the distance of distant galaxies. Which is the measurement of shock wave high density area on the large scale structure formation in the universe, dark energy found in the role of. On the large scale structure of the universe as a slender and leave a gap of net, ridged structure of galaxies is the most intensive, because it has a cyclic regularity, so scientists can accurately measure the distance between Galaxy launched them in the light of, if the smaller the angle value, then their farther distance.

Understanding the observed object’s distance to know their age, because the speed of light is constant. The accelerating expansion of the universe can be measured by red shift value for the observation of celestial bodies, when accepted by the Earth to a distant celestial Spectra red direction moves, this illustrates it away from us. According to the Berkeley Lab physicist, Professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California at Berkeley, the baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey scientific team leader Martin Wight (Martin White) thought: baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey plans scan a 3,275 square degrees of sky, establish 327300 a three dimensional map of the Galaxy, large sample survey was high density regions of the universe, is the first of the sky survey results. Baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey found the average red shift value is 0.57, equivalent to 6 billion light years away.

Baryon acoustic oscillations originated in the child regularly “reunion”, when the universe is light and material similar to chaos in a pot “soup”, sound waves through the formation of the universe rule changes and high density areas. 380,000 years after the big bang, time and space cooling of the rapid growth of this pot “soup” of temperature, heavy condensed into hydrogen atoms and invisible dark matter also belong to this “hot” part. Changes in the density of the universe during this period were recorded by the temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation, microwave background radiation signal more “warm” area, its matter density is even bigger.

Therefore, can the cosmic microwave background radiation to determine the basic yardstick of baryon acoustic oscillations, which launched the historical process of the accelerating expansion of the universe. If the dark energy is not a field or some kind of unknown substances, but rather as a defect of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, if we want to build a better theory of gravitation? General Relativity predicts a galaxies relative movement of other galaxies at a much faster rate, then the superposition effects can lead to large scale structure of the universe expansion occurred at the same rate, this means that any deviation from the theory to predict values makes the discovery of general relativity as a defect.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory scientist beisilide (Beth Reid) said: we have in the past relied on redshift by extrapolating the expansion rate of the universe, but the red shift value is not everywhere the same, because the Galaxy with the accelerated expansion of the universe in the process, also has its own speed, and galaxies more “likes” to high density regions gather. Therefore, for accurate determination of the accelerating expansion of the universe, you need the right tools and theories. Baryon oscillation spectroscopic survey received at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, Apache mountain 2.5 m Sloan Digital support of wide area Sky Survey Telescope, the telescope is still one of the world’s most powerful wide field spectroscopy devices. By once every 15 minutes of exposure, you can override the three degrees of sky, 1000 fiber using manual installation to plug-in slots for aluminium and locate the focal plane of the telescope.

According to Berkeley experimental physicist Stephen Bayley (Stephen Bailey) describes: by heavy child oscillation spectrum survey collection to of all data are by Berkeley Laboratory in the of a special data processing pipeline, will its conversion for we can using of form, target is statistics out hundreds of thousands of meter of Galaxy number, will they of II dimension coordinates standard out, attached corresponds to of Red moved value, eventually of statistics scale will over million Galaxy, plans will continued to 2014, All complete Riemannian manifold of data processing by computer group.

Current models of the universe that our universe is a European-style geometric structure, produced in the big bang 13.7 billion years ago, where one-fourth is the dark matter, such as galaxies, stars, visible matter only a few percentage points, and the remaining components are considered dark energy, that is, Einstein’s cosmological constant. Physicist David Schlegel think: so far, we made has on dark energy minimum limited of observation, universe constant may is a most simple of explained, but actually, universe constant is is not after any validation of, but its meet observation data, and we also only has so is data, if dark energy is “activated” of universe period lurking with a species amazing of mystery, we hope can found it.

The microwave background radiation from the big bang to 3.8 billion years ago, the Galaxy map

According to foreign media reports, the United States design of NASA’s James Webb (James Webb) space telescope is designed to look back at the starting moment of the big bang the universe, it is stronger than the Hubble Space Telescope 100 times, at a cost of US $ 8.8 billion, will be launched in 2018. This week, a solid video recorder (HDD device of a recorded image of the universe) have already been transferred to the flight control center located in Maryland, Goddard’s Webb telescope research group laboratory building.

Engineers are on the Webb Space Telescope with a primary mirror gilt work engineers are testing the Webb Space Telescope primary mirror

The recorder by Colorado SEAKR engineering development company limited, referred to as they ever built by the most reliable memory. Of course, high reliability is required, as it will work in most harsh environments you can imagine.

This space telescope will be launched to our solar system is known as “Earth-Sun Lagrange point 2″ (L2), reaches more than 1 million miles from Earth, in such a place without interference of the infrared radiation emitted by the Earth. Therefore, had gone to far away places on its maintenance is not going to happen, in contrast, only Hubble space telescope in orbit 350 miles above the ground (United States NASA space shuttle has 5 delivery for repair and maintenance work on the Hubble Space Telescope).

The Webb telescope in space (renderings) Webb Space Telescope will be launched on to the Earth-Sun Lagrange point 2 (L2)

Although “the Earth-Sun Lagrange point 2″ on the temperature can be as low as lingxia411huashidu (lingxia210sheshidu), but SEAKR company on the design of memory was so trusting and they claim that does not even need to reserve a backup. Different from the Hubble Space Telescope, Webb Space Telescope as a Boeing 737 airliner, as size, and use an infrared device to scan the universe. In addition, the Webb Space Telescope primary mirror has a diameter of 6.5 metres, this run will make it better than the current set of space telescopes have a greater light area. By contrast, the Hubble space telescope is only relatively small diameter of only 2.4 m primary mirror. This means that if the Hubble can see galaxies of childhood, Weber, infant galaxies can be seen.

Big bang, the universe itself and the Galaxy of swells, so most of the galaxies away from each other in between each other. Most distant galaxies away from the sport is so fast that they issued the red end of the visible spectrum of light to move. This allows a train whistle from the whizzing around you, from high pitched suddenly turned away from, in the physics of the phenomenon known as the “Doppler effect”. Because visible light from distant galaxies had red moved to within the infrared spectrum, so the infrared like the Webb Space Telescope telescope is the ideal tool for looking at these early galaxies.

Webb Space Telescope the Hubble space telescope and successor of the Spitzer infrared space telescope. Although it weighs only half of the Hubble Space Telescope, but the main area is the Hubble mirror set 5 times (up to 6.5 meters in diameter of primary mirror is made of gold-plated beryllium). The telescope is mainly working in the near-infrared wave bands, but it can also be seen in the visible spectral region of Orange, red, and infrared regions, depending on the devices that are installed on it. Two of the telescope’s main objectives were to: study the birth and evolution of galaxies and the formation of stars and planets.

Sohu/science

Thanks to Samsung of Chinese information delivery
News source: solidot
Researchers at the University of Rochester and North Carolina State University first neutrino beam to send messages. Information through the 240-metre thick rock, the transfer is very simple: “Neutrino (neutrino)”. Researchers at the University of Rochester and North Carolina State University first neutrino beam to send messages. Neutrino is a near-massless particles, to the speed of light.

Information through the 240-metre thick rock, the transfer is very simple: “Neutrino (neutrino)”. Main author Professor Dan Stancil said that possible to communicate between any two points of the Earth, no longer need to rely on satellites. Neutrino communication system than today’s complex communications system, but is of great strategic value.

An important property of the neutrino is able to penetrate almost any obstacle. Another researcher said, yet their neutrino communication system does not have a practical value, because they are using the Fermilab particle accelerator, as well as the five-tonne particle detector.

Thanks snzzl post
News source: fried eggs
When NASA Mars probe latest curiosity (Curiosity) this summer when landing on Mars, probe’s home, is located in California’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Jet Propulsion Laboratory,JPL), that would be a time just after the morning or noon, for the East Coast, is about three o’clock in the afternoon, or other time zones and so on. Problem is that Mars is several points on it? Curiosity will fall, in which time zone do?

Time on Mars and on earth are very similar, because the two planets have in common a lot, but has many different points. First, a “Mars day” on the Earth than about 39 ‘ 35 “, does not look much, but if you’re living on Mars, then these small time accumulate quickly. One year Mars 668.59 Mars today, 1.88 times times that of Earth, extend the season a lot, changes are more dramatic, this should be attributed to the eccentric orbit of Mars.

“It’s like you have to fly East for 40 minutes every day,” said JPL scientist Deborah Bass, “you will always have Jet lag, but it’s very small, no one cares, but this is after all a price. ”

As we have our lives are recorded as the time went by, space missions as well. Most of the Mars mission is to rely on solar energy, which means that spacecraft have to work during the day. Though curious, have a nuclear power generator, but in many ways it is a solar-powered device, camera and other instruments because it needs the Sun to work, needs to detect atmospheric phenomena, such as when converting a huge day and night temperatures are derived from the movement of the Sun. So scientists need a reliable way to control time.

Honorary Professor Michael Allison, NASA Goddard Institute for space there is a better way: “in a way I understand the time on Mars. ”

In General, you have to determine the local noon time, after your moment of radial head is the Sun, this is called a local true solar day (Local True Solar Time). But Mars in eccentric orbits, orbital eccentricity, and varying distance from the Sun in a year, so when the Sun is high in the sky changes, noon time would also be worse then a few minutes. In order to be absolutely accurate, astronomers using the “average virtual Sun” (fictitious mean Sun), its trajectory according to the average position of the Sun in the sky (mean position) and determine, this position can be “daily movements tables” (analemma) to see, astronomers are using this stuff came to see Mars.

According to foreign media reports, from Germany calculated by physicists group uncovered “worm hole” is not exclusive of science fiction films, no need to enter any negative energy can be established in the context of time and space “wormhole”. From Germany University of Oldenburg bukehade·keleihaosi (Burkhard Kleihaus) Dr: open wormhole would not even need positive energy in the universe, which means that the wormhole can be done does not depend on any material open, from “void” was born. We can use “wormhole” realization of spatio-temporal journey, moments occurred in the vicinity of Pluto or the Andromeda Galaxy from our millions of light years away.

Explore the mysteries of the worm hole is a way to achieve interstellar travel

Researchers think that no one can close to the wormhole, let alone through the wormhole, wormhole is unstable, and involvement of the negative energy is required to open, and the existence of negative energy but is a big problem. The discovery provoked an attractive prospect, since the wormhole does not require involvement of the positive energy and negative energy, but was born from the nothing, so we can detect there is a wormhole in space. Advanced extraterrestrial civilization than we should be mastered through a wormhole in the vast galaxy shuttle “Galaxy Metro” system, and we are after the worm hole found in the universe can also be through other channels of the universe.

Advanced civilizations in the universe, or have the wormhole open technology

On the mysteries of the worm hole first appears in Einstein’s theory of relativity, physicist in the Schwarzschild solution to Einstein’s equations can be found when connecting the distant mystery of spatio-temporal channel. Mentioned by negative energy to maintain time and space in the theory of relativity in the hidden warp, usually in quality can appear around the larger Galaxy or star. In 1916, Albert Einstein published soon after published his equations, Austria physicists ludeweixifulamu (Ludwig Flamm) has also been predicted to exist in the universe of “spatio-temporal channel”.

However, Einstein’s wormhole research detailed answers is another physicist and nasenluosen (Nathan Rosen) of cooperation. In 1935, together, they conceived a consists of two black holes by a spatio-temporal tunnel connecting time and space shuttle concept, and this type of wormhole is used to time and space travel, you will need to ensure that one of the black hole has a special spatio-temporal structure of, to keep the space-time door kept open. A powerful gravitational field of a black hole in the traditional sense, any material once more than gravitational bound event horizon is a terrorist. In the Einstein-Rosen bridge (wormhole) on the formation of spatial-temporal channel, plays an important role and as a black hole at one end of the channel.

Einstein and Rosen launched the “wormhole” concept for a pure sense of curiosity because they also have an amazing purpose. For instance, in the parallel universe there is a channel of a mysterious connection with our universe and another universe, being connected to the universe also has its own stars, galaxies and planets. While Cosmology theorist of today that there is only one universe, but in the era of Einstein and Rosen proposed wormhole is not the case, while the theorists believe that the universe is infinite.

Scientists have found that two types of worm hole

Lucky is that general relativity allows a different type of wormhole. In 1955, the United States physicist John w. Wheeler’s research suggests that our universe exists in a spatial and temporal region can quickly connect two channel, realizing the true meaning of Star Trek. He will be a conversational name “wormhole” gives being and spatio-temporal channel between two black holes. But the problem is the wormhole and aiyinsitanluosen Wheeler bridge has the same flaws, that is, they are not stable. Typical case: a single photon is sent through this type of wormhole entrance once photon contact formation is triggered immediately when the event horizon, so seemingly open wormhole was blocked.

More weird is that the United States planetary astronomer Carl Sagan’s findings show, wormhole is a portable, spatio-temporal region. He published in Galaxy science fiction will be given a fast transport channel. Carl Sagan on the questions asked in Pasadena California Institute of jipu·suoen of the theory of the universe (Kip Thorne), he believes that wormhole can be a scam. But in 1987, two of his graduate students Michael Morris (Michael Morris) and wuliyetesaiweier (Uri Yertsever) work out the conditions needed to create a wormhole, found in negative energy can be maintained with the help of worm hole open, if there is a sufficient number of negative energy, gravitational field will form a rejection and wormhole opened the door.

Wormhole connecting the two principles of space-time in the universe

Negative energy is not a ridiculous idea, between two parallel metal plates in a vacuum, there will be negative energy, that will have even less energy than a vacuum. This is because the normal vacuum as the waves are rolling in to the sea, forming waves far not intended to be empty space between two parallel metal plates, metal plate between the energy is lower than outside. But scientists calculate surface, negative energy vacuum to keep the thorn-Morris-yetesaiweier wormhole opened the required negative energy of all stars in the Milky Way Galaxy to spend a year together, this is clearly too incredible.

Until now, physicists have come up with a way to circumvent these difficulties: based on Einstein’s theory of gravity down the wormhole pattern, but in fact is no reason not too, because the theory is at the core of a black hole of failure, and in generation on the starting point of the big bang, is a failure. Very well described the microscopic world of atoms, quantum theory, but it was not compatible with general relativity.

Neighbors of the Milky Way Galaxy: the Andromeda Galaxy

In 1921, the physicists xiaoduo·kaluzha (Kaluza) and aosika·kelaiyin (Oskar Klein) inspired by Einstein’s theory, the development of general relativity to five dimensions of time and space, electromagnetic force and Gravitation into the space and time. But recent string theorists believe that the so-called four fundamental forces in the universe can be explained with 10 knitting time and space. It is essential that, if spatio-temporal dimensions of more than four, the wormhole opening will not possible unless there is enough negative energy to support. In 2002, the Moscow Center for Gravitation and fundamental metrology research scientist jilierbulongnikefu (Kirill Bronnikov) and Korea scientists proposed a wormhole model that does not need to maintain foreign material.

In France Grenoble Institute of subatomic physics and Cosmology, scientists aoleilian·Balu (Aur é lien Barrau) Introduction: through the worm hole of negative energy to support idea are more likely, not external material support of the wormhole is obviously very speculative ideas. Jilierbulongnikefu is think does not rely on any material to maintained of insect hole looks some incredible, but its may is most for of theory, most important of is we can by this theory in space in the looking for so of insect hole, such as space telescope in scan stars around spatio-temporal and touched to a insect hole Shi, we on will found depending on field in the of insect hole will suddenly changes, after all insect hole is also a universe of window, has different Yu is located universe of features.

Scientists suspected of Alpha Centauri a black hole may be a worm hole

According to scientists were calculation, huge of Whirlpool type insect hole comparison difficult to observation to, they hidden Yu universe gas and dust in the, very similar Yu black hole, such as half Sagittarius-a in the of black hole even is a insect hole, we Galaxy Central of black hole also may is insect hole, latest of observation displayed black hole around formed hot of material sucking product disc occurs strongly of x-ray, these features and insect hole similar, if half Sagittarius-a is a black hole, we should will observation to gas in through event vision zhihou, x-ray suddenly disappeared, And never appeared again, conversely if Alpha Centauri a is a the entrance to the wormhole, the gas in the universe through which still appears after x-ray, event horizon does not exist because the wormhole.

Therefore, from a variety of time-space theory down the wormhole theory, such as the Einstein-Gauss-Bohnet theory, there is a different wormhole solution of connecting different parts of our universe, this type of wormhole is the next “alien Metro” system opened up prospects. We will star in the Milky Way Galaxy may be more crowded subway, because the intervals between each other only a few light years of the star. Maybe at some point can also establish its connection of the milky way and Andromeda, Metro channel. (Text/Sina technology)

Japan a year after the nuclear disaster, invisible radiation threats still lurking in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station. According to foreign media reports, there are now based on Japan Aerospace Technology Research and development of new camera allows humans to see emergency evacuation of radioactive contamination of the area around nuclear power plants, would otherwise invisible radioactive contamination present on the camera.

Said, this new camera is primarily by detection of radioactive particles to release gamma rays, it is reported that gamma rays are high energy form of light in the universe.

Reports that the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (hereinafter referred to as JAXA) research and development of this technology was intended for next x-ray observation satellite, but now this technology has been successfully applied on a new camera, shoot such as cesium 134 and cesium 137 radiation threat agents.

(The set of pictures show spread of radioactive particles over time in slowly)

Introduction says, the camera has a 180 degree wide angle of vision, you can very well shot and displays on the ground, on the roof of radioactive particles, and such cameras better than existing cameras capture a wider and more accurate. From JAXA, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokyo electric power company’s researchers will also continue to be on camera for further research and development, practical application of radioactive material decontamination work.

According to reports, some of the current Fukushima nuclear power plant nearby residents have begun to return to their homes, but Japan. in order to ensure the security of the people, still divides the area within a radius of 19-kilometer nuclear power plant as a “forbidden zone”, prohibit people from getting in.

/Wei Feng network

Thank the stars for posting
News source: love Live mesh
Pinch out, away from the 2012 end of the world not many days, your tickets are available now? Believe that most of the students are reading this article and little editing can’t get Noah’s Ark tickets, after all we are not princeling nor the rich second generation. However, it doesn’t matter, Ark, we will not reach, but to Mars refuge is also a good choice, and to Mars a lot cheaper than buying tickets, flight to Mars just $ 500,000, or round-trip!

You read that wrong, really only $ 500,000, the airline is before we introduced the private spaceflight company SpaceX, take the spaceship was “the Dragon”. According to SpaceX company said, their goal is to own the “Falcons” design into reusable launch vehicle rocket, to establish a route between the planet.

Low cost of interstellar navigation key: SpaceX Falcon 9th launch vehicle

SpaceX’s ambitions are large, research and development of the Falcon launch vehicle codes to the XX

SpaceX accounts: fly from Los Angeles to London, you can fly the Boeing 747 aircraft to about 300 million dollars, why ticket prices are so cheap? Because the Boeing 747 can be reused thousands of times. Usually in the space launch, launch vehicle is a luxury, this would greatly enhance the cost of interplanetary. As long as the rocket can be reused, cost will definitely have a much cheaper, $ 500,000 fire routes with dual pricing will be no pressure.

SpaceX Mars cartridge for ground testing, before long you will sit on the cans to find Martian

Specific fire plan fastest routes will be announced at the end of the year, as for how long it will take this idea into a reality, SpaceX couldn’t give a definite time. Anyway, $ 500,000 for many students, including the small series, are a struggle for life could not be saved to a digital, is also slowly come. Another 35, more environmentally friendly, more fuel and can be reused when the rockets came out, maybe Mars perform prices would continue to decline it. At that time, the “landlord’s back to Mars! “Perhaps is not a kind of levity in greeting. (PS, Korea people are in tears? Finally can go home ~)

Out of what the place is like, you really do not want to use their eyes to take a look at it?

Dominated by China’s Daya Bay neutrino experiment recently announced the international cooperation group, at Daya Bay neutrino experiment has found a new neutrino oscillation, and measure the chance to its oscillation. This indicates that humans in the crack in the universe “mysteries of antimatter” an important step on the way. This reporter has learned, in the Daya Bay neutrino experiment, Liu Jianglai neutrino at Shanghai Jiao Tong University team bears the scale of system installation, commissioning, fetch, and physical analysis, which is designed to “scale” to help measure new neutrino oscillation probability of, which has made key contributions to the worldwide results.

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Physics Department, Director of the Institute of cosmology, particle physics professor JI, Xiangdong, told reporters: “discovered the electron neutrino oscillation mode of Daya Bay experiment, which found on understanding why matter than antimatter, explain the abundances of the elements in the solar system has an extremely important role. As we observed in the universe, matter dominated, why it is so, it is still not a reasonable explanation, Daya Bay experiment results to open the door. ”

Push through how many anti-neutrino energy

Liu Jiang, neutrinos emitted in the detector response when a certain amount of light, it can be determined by observing the amount of light energy in neutrinos. “The higher the neutrino energy, reactions get more light, but it’s not easy times. ”

In this experiment, the Shanghai Jiao Tong University assumed the task, is to figure out the conversion relationship between, to how much light to precisely observed by launched anti-neutrino energy.

Liu Jianglai was an example, measure is to develop a standard, for example, when measuring the length of a good ruler of prior proof, when measuring the weight of several prior known weight of weights. Similarly, the scale system is a known energy sources into several probes, and observed to get several different energy conversion relationship between the amount of light.

For all data “after having”

Liu Jianglai team has independently developed monitor data quality real-time monitoring software, monitoring of Web sites and databases, bear the main task of the experimental data quality filtering in the Daya Bay.

He describes, Daya Bay experiment with advanced electronics design, experimental data is recorded automatically by the computer every a dozen minutes, compressed into a single file, and transfer to the Chinese Academy of Sciences Computing Center and United States Berkeley National Laboratory computer center, is the amount of data a day 310GB.

Due to some unavoidable factors in the process of experimental data would produce some interference, if mixed with the last of these data in the data analysis, will seriously affect the accuracy of the results.

Watch some interference data can be found, such as the experimental device for abnormal high pressure and some of them cannot be found directly, such as exception on experimental effects of the reactor at Daya Bay, cosmic rays short-term anomalies.

“310GB data file every day, each one to go through layers of filter, to ensure that the final data analysis can be carried out smoothly. It can be said that we are all quality and technical supervision Department of the data file. “Liu Jianglai said.

Do not let 0.1% of suspected signals

Scale system is key to achieving the accurate measurement of the experimental energies, one of the researchers conducted a careful study found that scale system the use of radioactive sources even in the case of entirely protected, will produce a small amount of suspected of neutrinos in the detector signal, this signal roughly less than 0.1%.

Liu Jianglai team calculated the volume of this appeared to be a signal, and cooperation as Daya Bay Group last published official data. At the same time, the team independently calculated the cosmic rays also brought some appeared to be a signal, good to validate the results of the analysis of the cooperation of the other members of the group.

To reduce the error, the team also made a detailed study of neutron detection efficiency. According to the introduction of Liu Jianglai, due to the very weak interaction between neutrinos and the material, it is difficult to directly measure. Daya Bay neutrino experiment using neutrino detectors is the means of proton in reaction, producing neutrons and positrons; to indirect measurement by detection of neutrons and positrons neutrinos. Therefore, accurate measurement of the neutron detection efficiency of direct bearing on the accuracy of neutrino detection was error control of important aspects of the experiment as a whole.

Reporters learned, natural science foundation of China and the Shanghai municipal science and Technology Commission on Liu Jianglai team research made important support at Daya Bay. In support of the Shanghai municipal science and Technology Commission, Shanghai Jiao Tong University to set up the Shanghai Municipal key laboratory of particle physics and Cosmology, commitment to the micro and macro worlds most cutting edge scientific research. Liu Jiang to laboratory of neutrino team is one of several research teams. International scientific frontier problems similar to the neutrino research team there is dark matter, origin and development of the universe, black holes, etc. “The research has the potential for new breakthroughs in the next few years. “JI, Xiangdong said.

The science and technology journal

Often drive knows, installation of the global positioning system (GPS) is praise indeed, it can lock the destination, and is recommended for driving routes. But sometimes in-vehicle GPS Navigator and particularly annoying, especially when you are not in compliance with his instructions, it is always with a do not support the sounds constantly emit “recalculate” and “recalculate” warning, it grew really wanted to throw it out. United States scientists invented a device to circumvent this problem, a touch of the new steering wheel causes the driver to the root of the ear was clean, only quiet, good vibrations to tell us where to turn.

United States telephone and Telegraph Company laboratories has designed a steering wheel, with 20 shock device, connected to the GPS navigation system. When you arrived at the junction of the need to turn, GPS no longer audible, the pilot will feel as minor tremors and rotate the steering wheel. If it is clockwise, indicating that the right turn, instead you are left. Through a more fully developed, the steering wheel also can bring to the road of the future function, for example, tell the driver located in the vehicle’s blind spot.

Attention deficit disorder is an important cause of a traffic accident. Although the steering wheel still cannot change drive to call such a bad habit, was able to reduce the attention is GPS Navigator dispersed. United States Carnegie Mellon University study showed that of the steering system can effectively reduce driver distraction probability about 3%-4%, driver age different effects are not the same.

Text/online-Zhejiang qianjiang evening news