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Scientists have found, in the chemical factories around young stars in the universe, can produce more far than we previously thought to complex molecules. We have detected on comets and planets relatively complex carbon molecules, these molecular structures should be in the other regions of the solar system, but according to the latest published an article in the paper in the journal nature, the universe in the spectrum part “not recognized by the infrared radiation” may in fact come from young stars around the formation of large molecules. Scientists also believe that this is possible on Earth formed early on had been taken to Earth.

Chemical action occurring in the universe we know very little about, scientists have only to guess the natural world is very much on how to make the synthesis of complex molecules. The scientific community has to understand before, relatively simple molecules can form around the young star, and the slightly more complicated molecules can also later formed at a relatively low temperature environment.

Problems seem even more mysterious is that we within the Milky Way Galaxy and the universe not recognized by the other regions are detected infrared radiation, astronomers might as well call them “unidentified infrared radiation” (UIE). This vibration of infrared radiation from molecules, macromolecules internal relative vibration of atoms, they will absorb specific wavelengths of light waves, then went out again in the form of infrared radiation.

Each key is like a piano’s tone is different, as each molecular vibration has its own unique features, which also allowed the scientists to by spectral “fingerprint” to identify a molecule, but “unknown infrared radiation” display signals too complex, and appears to be a large group of signal mixed together, making interpretation difficult.

Star power

Since the early 70 ‘s, the astronomers begin to guess what would be this complex signal molecules. Recently they have begun to suspect this may be due to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) . This is the structure of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms combine to form complex structures, burnt in the meat of this material, and is a carcinogen.

However need to clarify the point is, these macromolecules found does not mean that their structure was very complex, people are already in many regions of the solar system, such as comets and the surface of Titan, found a similar or more complex macromolecules. Significance of this discovery is that it is in the nascent regional formation around the star.

Sun Kwok, Professor of astronomy at the University of Hong Kong told reporters: “the traditional view is that this material is within the solar system, ‘ local ‘ form. “Professor Guo and his colleague Professor Zhang Yong cooperation, with the United States on NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope conducted a study of newborn stars, and with it two new star light than the right, increased brightness of a star is a white dwarf produced by the explosion. Then they started to construct a hypothetical molecular models, and combined with measured data keeps changing its structure and composition, until simulations showed their vibration characteristics and actual measurement data to achieve the best match so far.

Simulation results show that this signal does not come from simple polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are very similar but a and cyclic aromatic structure, and has a kink FAT chain component.

Professor Sun Kwok said: “the significance of our research is that we have identified this organic substance found in the solar system and planetary nebulae there exists a high degree of similarity between such substances. This implies that in the solar system may contain residual interstellar organisms. ”

In addition, it could also mean people think this type of complex macromolecules is a rare and difficult to understand the complicated process of opinion is wrong, this phenomenon may be prevalent in many stars in the surrounding area.

But the United States John · Kali·Lisi Hopkins University applied physics laboratory (Carey Lisse) said that while there may be many young stars are thrown to the surrounding space of complex organic molecules, but who are more older, even dying stars might have the same phenomenon, even more so.

He referred to an article recently published in the Astrophysical Journal article, which is the United States Naval Research Laboratory wing da·situerte (Rhonda Stroud) do work. In this study, Stuart proved when the supernova shock wave through the interstellar medium to produce aromatic substances and lipid molecules.

Such a study for compound the problem, it is difficult to understand whether and how to get to these complex molecules of other solar systems, such as our solar system. “Want to understand these complex organic substances that the original was born in the solar system is also the ruins of the interstellar medium in history, this is an interesting problem, and we don’t understand the debate on this issue will be about where we, yet it is interesting is that they now have some clues. ”

He said: “the young star in the ‘ reseeding ‘ the role of the organic molecules in the process is complex. We still don’t know how much they have destroyed in the process and how creating, but any interested they do play a role in the diffusion process organic matter in the interstellar medium clues is exciting because it means that they may have played role in life forms. ”

Rhys believes this article this article was published in the papers in the journal nature is a major step in the right direction, but it will never be a final step. (Text/Sina technology)

This study found that the complex organic molecules are aromatic and combination of lipid molecules

Studies show that young stars are in the surrounding interstellar medium projectile a great deal of material

The study’s Chief Scientist: Professor, school of physics at the University of Hong Kong Sun Kwok

According to foreign media reports, the United States of engineering and applied sciences at Harvard University researchers used a new technique of induced paths of light, found a century of light reflection and refraction laws being challenged. This technique is called discontinuous phase technology. This study found that makes predicting when light from one media to another media (for example, the route from the air into the glass), there has been a new mathematical laws, its different from the classical laws of refraction and reflection. At present the research findings have been published in the latest of the journal Science.

Harvard researchers using new technologies to create weird optical phenomena

It is involved in the study of engineering and applied sciences at Harvard University Vinton Hayes senior fellow at the electrical engineering and applied physics a joint group, joint chief researcher feidelikekapasuo respectively (Federico Capasso) and Robert l Wallace (Robert m. Wallace) Professor: using a special plane, haha we create a plane mirror effect. We found that allows optical has entered a new field and opens the door to an exciting Photonics technology.

Since then scientific development of mankind, after understanding the behavior of light to all alone in a variety of media, at a different rate for transmission. If light encounters a glass and other materials, and to a certain incident angle, reflection and refraction phenomena occur, it is, therefore, Wavefront’s direction changed. We are by the law of refraction and reflection in the traditional sense, physics classes all over the world can light behavior inference, we also can be combined with incidence angle and two media properties to calculate the refracted angle and angle of reflection of specific values. However, when the researchers will light on the structure of metal nano-materials, according to surface impact behavior of light in the experiment, the researchers realized that, using the equation in the traditional sense is not enough to describe the observed in the laboratory on strange path of light phenomena.

In the experiments, researchers have designed a Nano resonator array, a little thinner than a wavelength, you can create a constant gradient of SI surface values. Through the visualization of research techniques, allowing light to partially hit the surface, you can also maintain normal incidence. Energy in the resonator remains on the left than the right of the resonator. However, if you do not have this column exists, the rays are parallel.

Through this research at Harvard University, scientists have discovered a new light on a broad range of laws, the experiment proves that the set of data is correct, but will also confirm a new path between two media. According to associate professor of engineering and applied sciences at Harvard University Capasso laboratory in the South (Nanfang Yu) thought: under normal circumstances, like a pond near the boundary between air and water are formed of two different paths. However, in this particular case, near the border between the media and the media, became an active interface, you can bend light itself.

This time, research is the key to using a tiny gold antennas etched Silicon surfaces. Overall scale structure in the array is done on very thin, the whole array structure on the scale than the impact of light wavelength thin a lot. This means that, with the traditional point of view, and silicon optical system design of the boundary between air and endowed with a phase shift that came over, this is the embodiment of discontinuities is considered to be the second stage.

In the array in the laboratory, each antenna is a small resonator, can not catch the light, holding a particular energy release within a certain amount of time. The Silicon Nano resonance has different types of gradients, bending light can effectively began when light enters through the new media broadcasting. Arising from a variety of strange phenomena, breaking the old rules, created the light may in any way, and reflected and refracted, by the patterns on the surface may be. And research for the light of new discoveries, to broad reflection refraction laws of science, researchers at Harvard University by adding some new design equations, you can transfer phase gradient. More important is that in the case of the surface gradient is missing, can be achieved as we all know the extent of the new law.

According to a visiting scholar at the Capasso group Zeno (Zeno Gaburro) thought: through interfaces with phase discontiguous gradients, light reflection and refraction law, become redefined the law, accompanied by new phenomena arise. Reflection of the laser beam can be a rebound, rather than moving forward, you can also create a negative refraction, total reflection has a whole new perspective. In addition, the polarization of light can be controlled, which means that in the light output has a fundamental design defined. Researchers have successfully produced the Vortex beam, is a spiral-shaped optical flow. They also envisaged in the plane of the lens, you can set images without distortion.

According to foreign media reports, the human colonization of the moon has always been a dream, but for the United States Space Agency is at an age of budget cuts and indecision the space program, build human on the moon base plans costs are too high, and is very different from the current technology. However, the United States Association of Lunar and planetary scientist Paul famous Moon-sipudisi (Paul Spudis) and the Marshall Space Flight Center-la Vay, Tony (Tony Lavoie) proposed a new moon base plans, the plan not only lower economic costs and applicability. They plan in the space along a “trans-continental transport system” to establish a moon base, the transport route across the Earth and the Moon’s orbit.

United States scientists scheme in space along a “trans-continental transport system” to establish a moon base, the transport route across the Earth and the Moon’s orbit

Sipudisi in a media interview said: “our ultimate objectives is to arrive in any area at any time in space, completed space missions to meet our requirements. The plan to use robots and humans reach the Moon, using local resources to build the Moon new aerospace systems, realizing it is crucial that, on this basis will increase flexibility and accumulated other aerospace components. ”

Sipudisi said, we plan to build this Lunar Base in order to ensure a gradual progressive construction of the base for future human space systems, based on the progressive construction of step by step moved, humans will ultimately establish human habitation of the moon base, then people will truly live life on the Moon

In short, sipudisi proposes sending robot reach the Moon, Earth through remote control these kinds of robots, extracted from the sediment of polar water from the Moon, for the manufacture of spacecraft propulsion fuels, they can be used as a round trip between Earth and moon reusable transportation fuel. Sipudisi said: “the theory is possible, this is due to the Moon from Earth is very close to the radio signals to and from the Earth and moon with only 3 seconds, which means that you can truly Earth remote-control robots, is much larger than the effectiveness of its astronauts. “The biggest advantage is that the construction of the theory of human base required infrastructure, such as mining, oil refineries, mining and water resources and promote fuel storage, batch deployment implementation before humans arrived.

Sipudisi said: “we assess the Lunar polar region has about tens of billions of gallons of water resources, we do not know the precise distribution of water resources, and this is our first survey sent robots to the Moon one of the reasons, the robot will detect the distribution of water resources. ”

Sipudisi said, we plan to build this Lunar Base in order to ensure a gradual progressive construction of the base for future human space systems, based on the progressive construction of step by step moved, humans will ultimately establish human habitation of the moon base, then people will truly live life on the moon. Our initial deployment of a sentinel Habitat, it will fully expanded before the man first arrived, doing preparatory work.

There is a lot of water on the moon will allow this plan to implement, sipudisi said: “we assess the Lunar polar region has about tens of billions of gallons of water resources, we do not know the precise distribution of water resources, and this is our first survey sent robots to the Moon one of the reasons, the robot will detect the distribution of water resources. ”

Water is the essential resource of humans living in space, people need every day drinking water, water used to Cook, while water can be broken down into oxygen supply people breathe, water can be broken down into oxygen and hydrogen, hydrogen can be used to fuel cell, to generate electricity. Meanwhile, the water is also a very good shielding material, to protect people from radiation damage of the universe, human space base also uses water as a radiation-proof “sandwich”. But the most important use of water resources is to be able to build powerful chemical rocket propulsion fuel, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen, and then freezing them into liquid.

The Moon not only provides the water resource of human existence, also be reused water manufacture rocket fuel for human spacecraft, based in moon achieving space travel. By 17 a series of incremental space missions, space bases will be built, capable of running fit for human habitation. Through the deployment of communications and navigation satellites around the Moon, and ensures the accuracy of operation robot system.

Likely next step would be to launch Mars Rover-like devices reach the Moon, best place to survey the Moon’s polar regions contain water resources, at the same time, permanent sunlight Lunar polar region can also be used in the construction of power stations; will be launched next larger devices reach the Moon, ice water for mining sediment layer, melting ice combined with water resources. Sipudisi said: “at present all these plans are only theoretical concept model, we have not yet implemented. So we do not know how big is the difficulty, but by sending a small robot to the Moon missions, and remote control from Earth, we will evaluate the difficulty of such a plan. Challenges will be a lot of them, such as: how to use the most effective way to get ice water and sediment, and extract useful resources. ”

Next increased implementation levels, through the launch and landing true ice water to industrial-scale mining machinery and equipment materials, and supply materials stored on the Moon, is one of the first landing on the Moon people prepare for round material. During this period, between Earth and the Moon in the construction of a transport system of constant invariant, and built another transportation system between the Moon and the Moon’s orbit, for future space transportation provided as convenient as possible.

Sipudisi said: “I like to make this system compared to a transcontinental railroad system, here we are not just to build a line connecting the East Coast and West Coast shipping lines, we build transit system connects all regions, and lowest cost our economy. “Based on the transportation network, space vehicles and transport equipment available fuel supply of mining on the Moon, enabling them to travel between the Moon and the Earth, and are able to reach any region of space between the Earth and the moon.

Sipudisi pointed out that we establish transport systems can arrive in any area between the Earth and the Moon, its importance is very pronounced in this region has a large number of satellites in space. For example: communications satellite and climate monitoring satellite in geosynchronous orbit scope, if we reach the Moon and transport systems, these satellites will be deployed in a high orbit range, which has a high commercial value, and get a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of national security. He stressed that future fuel warehouse space can be positioned at different locations, including the L1 Lagrangian point, further supporting space flight beyond the moon to more distant regions.

This exciting space base how long does it take to build it? Sipudisi said: “our evaluation analysis shows that build a complete set of full moon in the Lunar outpost takes about 15-16, about 10 years one of the first robot task completes, the man to reach the moon. Mining the moon system can produce 150 tons of water a year, 100-ton propulsion fuel. ”

Currently has the most up-to-date Science and technology or a new appliance? Sipudisi said that effective implementation of the scheme as possible based on the current technology. We do not have any “superconductive ores (similar to the film the avatar in the rare mineral)”, nor are there any special magical device, is the most realistic and feasible based on the existing science and technology, before we can use many devices used in space missions.

What is the cost of the scheme? Sipudisi assessment, the overall system of construction cost at least $ 88 billion, will cost $ 5 billion a year on average, the construction of the initial spending will reach $ 6.65 billion in the first year. Estimated total construction equipment including: space shuttle-derived launch vehicles; two manned probes; reusable Landers; fuel warehouse as well as all the robots equipment between Earth and the moon. The most attractive is that future human base can be divided into smaller sections, primarily in an independent way to complete each task, once they arrive on the Moon, as all independent individual to work, but can interact between them, form an inseparable whole.

Text/Tencent technology

The evening of September 29, China’s “temple on the first” target aircraft launched a complete success.
“Temple on the first” target aircraft at 21:16 to 0 seconds, FT1, long second launch vehicle launched at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwestern China.

“Temple on the first” is a new development of China’s manned spacecraft, it is by far the longest life expectancy in China low orbiter, Chinese space laboratory prototype. “Temple on the first” flight’s main task is to: provide target aircraft for implementing space rendezvous and docking test; the initial establishment of long-term running unmanned in orbit, manned space experiment platform for short-term care, developed for the space station experience; for Space Sciences Laboratory, aerospace medicine experiments and space technology.

According to the plan, China will in turn launch within two years of “Shenzhou eighth” and “Shenzhou Nineth” and “Shenzhou tenth” spacecraft rendezvous and docking, lay the Foundation for the establishment of China’s space station in space.

Spokesman for the China manned space engineering recently reiterated that China has always advocated the principle of equality and mutual benefit, common development of peaceful use, on the basis of strengthening international exchanges and cooperation in the field of space to promote inclusive development.

Commemorating the Gagarin space of the 50 anniversary of the “Aerospace Forum-2011″ day held at the astronaut training centre outside Moscow. Krasnov said at the opening ceremony, will run as planned international space station by 2020, after the Russian space agency agreed with the partners, decided to extend this period until 2028. Krasnov said, will be not only the future international space station science laboratory, is also used as assembly plant. Can be assembled in space station large aerospace applications, as needed and then send it back to Earth from low orbit, or into the near-Earth orbit.

The international space station project was formally launched in 1998, there were 16 participants, including Russia and the United States, and Canada, and Japan, and Brazil and 11 members of the European Space Agency. According to the initial plan, the project will end in 2013, due to the 2003 United States “Colombia” crash of the space shuttle have delayed construction of space stations, participant and later decide to extend the space station lifespan to 2020.

In July this year krasnov said, the Russian side considers from a pure technology standpoint, the station served fully extended to 2028.

Xinhuanet

6 volunteers coming to an end nearly 1.5 years of “MARS” tour, 4th, “back” to Earth. As the “Mars-500″ project participants, Russia, China and Europe 6 volunteers on June 3 last year in Russia Moscow’s Institute of medical biological problems into the experimental class in the capital, “flies to Mars”.

The project for 520 days, flew to simulate astronaut aboard spacecraft, Mars, and return to Earth. 6 volunteers are scheduled to Beijing at 4th on the tanks. “They are looking forward to, spirit in good condition. “Deputy Project Director make·bielakefusiji 1st said.

European Organization for nuclear research center announced on October 31, the Agency’s local time, the large Hadron Collider 30th run ended this year protons collide. This year’s total, the facility run for 180 days, 400 trillion times the Proton collision. European Organization for nuclear research center said in a press release released on 31st, Large Hadron Collider is the second consecutive year exceed protons colliding running tasks for the Agency’s two large experiments provide an increasing number of experimental data.

The large Hadron Collider (LHC)

Accelerators and technology shidifu·maiersi, head of European Organization for nuclear research center said that after this year’s run, the large Hadron Collider has been able to sustain normal work should run faster. Specifically, the present Proton collision experiment data speed is the first phase of the 2010 run 4 million times, 30 times times the early 2011.

The Communique says, the 2011 Proton collision experiment data of the main results included, further narrowing the search scope of the Higgs boson and supersymmetric particles, more rigorous testing of particle physics “standard model” to enhance human understanding of the original universe. In the next period of time, researchers will be further analysis of the European Organization for nuclear research center since the beginning of 2011 for all test data.

Complete this year when protons collide task, the large Hadron Collider will run for 4 weeks of lead ion and proton and lead ion collision. If the experiment succeeds, as the large Hadron Collider’s run opened up a new internal structure of the Proton detection mode–lead ions. The experiment results lead to the European Organization for nuclear research center plans is crucial.

Xinhuanet

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News source: Tencent technology
Beijing time on September 30, according to a report in the daily mail, designer-William Blake worked out an almost zero emissions hydrogen-powered aircraft, which can fly to any corner of the world, and no pollution. Designer-William Blake worked out an almost zero emissions hydrogen-powered aircraft, which can fly to any corner of the world, and no pollution.

Hydrogen-powered aircraft

Hydrogen-powered aircraft

Hydrogen-powered aircraft

Design inspiration coming from a black bird called godwit, it is the birds of the world’s longest uninterrupted flight records maintained, rest under it can keep eating from Australia flew to Alaska, 7,252 miles in total.

Blake had a pair of large wings of aircraft design, its shape is like a bent Australia godwit. So when the plane reaches the stratosphere, lessened air resistance, the excessively large wings can produce a lot of updraft, enough support aircraft are not falling, then the plane can glide like a godwit.

Install low temperature hydrogen four turbofan aircraft engines, not only power but also a much lower energy, similar to the fighter, saving a lot of fuel. While all this was black’s design ideas, this plane can actually fly, requires further observation.

United States Department of environmental engineering, Pennsylvania State University Professor Bruce Logan’s group is trying to develop a microbial fuel cell, you can turn untreated waste water into clean water, and power generation. Whether developing or developed countries, this “dual purpose” techniques are quite attractive. Is more attractive, according to United States National Science Foundation (NSF) Web site news, the future may also implement desalination technology, become a “three in one fell swoop” technology.

Sewage treatment and time consuming, costly also consume a large amount of energy, basic industries that all inputs and no outputs, as well as Governments headaches a challenge. Allegedly, 5% of electricity consumption is used for sewage treatment. According to United States National Development Committee statistics, United States each year require 33 billion gallons of sewage treatment, treatment costs about US $ 25 billion, most of them for energy costs.

Therefore, is able to purify the water, and energy to generate electricity in case of microbial fuel cells, is expected to turn sewage into a profitable industry. Logan believes that future sewage treatment plants can not only meet its own electricity by using microbial fuel cells, but also for transmission to the outside.

Traditional fuel cells using hydrogen gas for power generation, but Logan and his team try organic matter-rich sewage to generate power for the first time. In theory, the sewage directly into the fuel cell can generate electricity at the same time for wastewater treatment. The battery system working principle is: bacteria in the wastewater to feed on organic material, with the release of electronic, electron on carbon Rod cluster fuel cells, forming in the water current loop. Once the discharge capacity increased to a certain extent, you can take advantage of it.

As early as 2005, Logan’s team announced that it developed a microbial fuel cell. They produced 72 Watts of electricity in the laboratory, to drive a fan.

In recent years, the laboratory in NSF funding and access to a series of advances. For example, in addition to the current produced, plus a little to the system voltage, also can produce hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is an environment friendly and clean energy, there are a variety of industrial uses.

In addition, Logan still in the experimental fuel cell into the sea, this will not only be able to generate more power, if the test is successful, the system can also produce energy, wastewater treatment and desalination of seawater, is one of three sculptures.

In fact, a microbial fuel cell is not a new concept. As early as 1910, United Kingdom botanist make·bite first discovered a bacteria culture medium can produce current, he successfully produced the world’s first Platinum electrode microbial fuel cell; in 1984, the United States has created a microbial fuel cell can be used in outer space, its fuel for the astronauts ‘ urine and bacteria, but very low discharge rate.

In addition to Logan, there are other research groups in the world in the development of microbial fuel cells, but not out of the laboratory.

Although no commercial product came out, but scientists at the University of Toronto daiwei·bogelei estimated value is its potential energy in wastewater treatment costs 10 times. Logan believes that as long as they can take advantage of potential energy one-twentieth, sewage treatment plant sewage treatment costs can be solved. But he estimated that application of microbial fuel cell industry still needs to be 5-10.

In the meantime, Logan noted that breakthrough industrial applications remains the key problem is how to continue to reduce costs, improve battery performance.

It is learnt that, in the early days of study, Logan teams use a lot of expensive materials, such as expensive polymer and graphite electrodes, Platinum and other precious metals. But its latest battery systems have used cheaper and environmentally friendly materials. “We can now do not have any precious metal. “Logan said.

The science times

Thank you for any good posted
News source: SINA technology
According to foreign media reports, the United States Space Agency scientists, according to new research, Martian soil may be more suitable than previously imagined existence of life, most of the material actually belongs to the surface of Mars healthy soil. A long time, researchers have suspected the surface of Mars is full of antioxidants, these antioxidants may make it difficult for some complex molecules such as organic compounds in the surface of Mars, and the elements of life is organic compounds.

United States scientists of NASA’s Ames Research Center “Phoenix” Mars Lander returned data for in-depth analysis and research, according to new research findings that may not be the case.

The study directors, United States NASA Ames Research Center scientist Richard Quinn explained that “Although there is a small amount of oxidants in Martian soil, but most of the material actually belongs to the healthy soils. This neutral soils on Earth and we found is very similar. ”

Astrobiology home have always been very interested in Mars soil characteristics, hoping by analyzing their components to determine if Mars could become a foothold in life. United States Space Agency “Phoenix” Mars landers, gives scientists a lot of research in this area leads. In late May 2008, the “Phoenix” Mars landers, landing at near the north pole of Mars, and gets a lot in the next five months of observational data.

This figure shows a United States Space Agency “Phoenix” Mars landers, solar panels and mechanical arm.

“Phoenix”, the most famous is it confirms evidence of water ice on Mars. In addition, it also conducted measurements on Martian soil and yielded interesting results, including the Martian soil acidity. Quinn said, “people don’t really know of Martian soil acidity, and many people even believe that Martian soil with high acidity. “However, in about a month ago,” Phoenix “, it has been found near the landing point, soil belonging to slightly alkaline, PH values of about 7.7 per cent. “Phoenix”, also found a lot of chemicals that can become life composition, such as magnesium, potassium, and chloride. Scientists believe that these findings suggest that Martian soil may be more suitable for microbial life than previously thought to exist.

“Phoenix”, is using its own wet chemistry lab to obtain these findings. “Phoenix”, first shovel into the Earth with Martian soil in the last Cup, then wet chemical analysis instruments in laboratory the final solution. Since 2008, Quinn and his team began research on “Phoenix”, passed back to the data. This time, their research has focused on the redox properties of Martian soil. Oxidation is a destructive process, can destroy complex molecules such as DNA. Quinn said that scientists have reason to believe that Martian soil has a very strong oxidant. For example, in the mid 1970 of the 20th century, the United States Space Agency’s “pirate” Mars landers had a number of organic compounds, and mixed with Martian soil, and soon these organic compounds clearly damaged.

“Phoenix”, also detected perchlorate, this substance is a strong oxidizing agent under certain conditions. But the latest research findings show that, need to rethink the Martian soil in the choice of housing. Scientists ‘ latest findings were published in the journal geophysical research letters. Despite the latest study does not prove there is life on Mars ever had problems existed, but this finding and, more recently, other discoveries are let scientists see hope. Last year, the United States Space Agency “Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter” had found evidence of liquid water once flowed beneath the surface of Mars. (Bin Bin)